Introduction: A Crucial Issue Between Politics and Religion
Since his rise to power in 2010, Ivorian President Alassane Ouattara has prioritized diplomatic relations with the Vatican as a cornerstone of his international strategy. However, these efforts contrast sharply with the recurrent tensions between his government and the local Catholic Church, which often critiques his administration. As the 2025 presidential election looms, this complex dynamic raises questions about its impact on the country’s political and social stability.
Diplomatic Harmony with the Vatican
From his earliest days in office, Alassane Ouattara demonstrated a commitment to national reconciliation through a strategic rapprochement with the Holy See. His first official visit to the Vatican in November 2012 laid the foundation for constructive dialogue. During this meeting with Pope Benedict XVI, a joint communiqué emphasized the importance of the Church’s role in post-crisis electoral reconstruction.
Since then, this collaboration has strengthened through concrete initiatives, such as state funding for religious pilgrimages and the renovation of Saint Paul’s Cathedral in Plateau. In 2022, Alassane Ouattara reaffirmed his commitment by meeting Pope Francis during another Vatican visit. These diplomatic efforts aim not only to bolster Côte d’Ivoire’s international image but also to leverage the Vatican’s influence to promote peace and reconciliation in a nation marked by internal divisions.
A Critical and Engaged Ivorian Church
Despite this closeness to the Vatican, relations between the president and the Ivorian Catholic Church are far less harmonious. For years, the local Church has positioned itself as a critical actor against the current regime. Tensions have surfaced repeatedly, notably through the stances of prominent figures like Cardinal Jean-Pierre Kutwa and, more recently, Archbishop Ignace Bessi Dogbo.
In 2020, during a press conference, Cardinal Kutwa publicly declared that a third term for Alassane Ouattara was unnecessary. These comments, perceived as an act of defiance, prompted a strong governmental response. Members of the Rally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RHDP) organized a press conference within Saint Paul’s Cathedral, provoking outrage among many faithful who saw this as an excessive politicization of a sacred space.
More recently, Archbishop Marcellin Kouadio, President of the Episcopal Conference of Côte d’Ivoire, issued severe critiques of the country’s governance, pointing to “generalized corruption” and “selective justice.” These statements have reinforced the image of a Church determined to expose state dysfunctions while exacerbating tensions with the government.
Dominique Ouattara’s Role in Mediation
In this strained context, First Lady Dominique Ouattara has emerged as an essential mediator. A devout Catholic, she has spearheaded several initiatives aimed at easing tensions between the government and the Church. In January 2024, she hosted a delegation led by the Apostolic Nuncio to discuss the management of the Basilica of Yamoussoukro. This symbolic gesture was seen as a sincere attempt at reconciliation.
Additionally, her financial support for the reconstruction of Sainte-Thérèse Church, destroyed by a tornado in 2020, underscores her tangible commitment to the Catholic community. Her efforts could prove pivotal in re-establishing a constructive dialogue as elections approach.
Stakes Ahead of the 2025 Presidential Election
The elevation of Archbishop Ignace Bessi Dogbo to the rank of cardinal in December 2024 comes at a critical moment for Côte d’Ivoire. Known for his outspokenness, the prelate has already expressed his willingness to act as a mediator to foster national unity. However, his past criticisms of the government raise questions about his ability to balance his pastoral role with a neutral stance.
For the government, maintaining stable relations with the Catholic Church will be crucial to prevent religious tensions from exacerbating political challenges ahead of the presidential election. This election could be decisive for the country’s future, especially if Alassane Ouattara opts not to seek re-election.
Conclusion: A Fragile but Essential Collaboration
The relationship between Alassane Ouattara and the Ivorian Catholic Church reflects a complex interplay of diplomacy, religion, and politics. While the rapprochement with the Vatican remains a diplomatic success, persistent tensions with the local Church could pose significant challenges to national stability. The 2025 election presents a unique opportunity to strengthen dialogue between these two key actors in the interest of peace and unity in Côte d’Ivoire.
2024 – O Bulamba, ADR
