{"id":15781,"date":"2025-01-16T19:37:19","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T19:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/2025\/01\/16\/gaza-war-leaves-hamas-battered-but-undefeated\/"},"modified":"2025-01-16T19:49:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T19:49:02","slug":"gaza-war-leaves-hamas-battered-but-undefeated","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2025\/01\/16\/gaza-war-leaves-hamas-battered-but-undefeated\/","title":{"rendered":"Gaza: le Hamas tr\u00e8s affaibli mais loin d’\u00eatre d\u00e9fait apr\u00e8s 15 mois de guerre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Caire,\u00a0Egypte –<\/strong><\/em> Apr\u00e8s plus de 15 mois d’une guerre d\u00e9vastatrice dans la bande de Gaza, le Hamas appara\u00eet tr\u00e8s diminu\u00e9 mais encore loin d’\u00eatre ray\u00e9 de la carte, contrairement \u00e0 l’objectif qu’avait fix\u00e9 le Premier ministre isra\u00e9lien Benjamin Netanyahu.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le mouvement islamiste palestinien porte la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’attaque sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent sur Isra\u00ebl du 7 octobre 2023, qui a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 la riposte isra\u00e9lienne dans la bande de Gaza, qu’il dirige depuis 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isra\u00ebl l’a accus\u00e9 jeudi de remettre en cause l’accord pour un cessez-le-feu \u00e0 Gaza et la lib\u00e9ration des otages annonc\u00e9 la veille par Riyad et Washington, des accusations rejet\u00e9es par un de ses hauts-dirigeants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Longtemps figure de proue de la lutte arm\u00e9e palestinienne, \u00ab\u00a0le Hamas a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement affaibli, sa capacit\u00e9 militaire est entam\u00e9e et sa classe dirigeante saign\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, affirme Sanam Vakil, directrice du programme Moyen-Orient au cercle de r\u00e9flexion britannique Chatham House.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le chef du Hamas, Isma\u00efl Haniyeh, a \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9 par Isra\u00ebl fin juillet \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, et son successeur Yahya Sinouar, architecte du 7-Octobre, tu\u00e9 par des soldats isra\u00e9liens dans le sud de Gaza moins de trois mois plus tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les Brigades Ezzedine al-Qassam, branche arm\u00e9e de la formation, continuent de se battre dans Gaza mais ont subi de tr\u00e8s lourdes pertes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En somme, \u00ab\u00a0le Hamas est sous pression\u00a0\u00bb, d\u00e9veloppe Hugh Lovatt, chercheur au Conseil europ\u00e9en des relations internationales, citant entre autres raisons \u00ab\u00a0les souffrances\u00a0\u00bb des Gazaouis et \u00ab\u00a0la d\u00e9cision du Hezbollah de laisser tomber Gaza\u00a0\u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au cessez-le feu intervenu fin novembre entre le mouvement chiite libanais et Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u00ab\u00a0Manque d’horizon\u00a0\u00bb –<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour Mme Vakil, le mouvement islamiste \u00ab\u00a0traverse une crise de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. Nombre de Palestiniens, dit-elle, le voient d\u00e9sormais \u00ab\u00a0comme une partie du probl\u00e8me\u00a0\u00bb et il \u00ab\u00a0ne pourra \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u00e9gitime que s’il parvient \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir une administration (\u00e0 Gaza, NDLR), et \u00e0 rendre des comptes\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour un de ses responsables toutefois, le mouvement \u00ab\u00a0repr\u00e9sente un concept destin\u00e9 \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer la Palestine, pas seulement un groupe de personnes que l’ennemi peut \u00e9liminer\u00a0\u00bb. \u00ab\u00a0La r\u00e9sistance continuera tant que l’occupation existera\u00a0\u00bb, assure-t-il \u00e0 l’AFP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puisque M. Netanyahu avait jur\u00e9 d'\u00a0\u00bban\u00e9antir\u00a0\u00bb le Hamas au lendemain du 7-Octobre, le mouvement voit \u00ab\u00a0sa survie comme une victoire en soi\u00a0\u00bb, rel\u00e8ve Jamal al-Fadi, politologue palestinien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0On a vu une hausse de la popularit\u00e9 du Hamas\u00a0\u00bb, met en avant M. Lovatt, en Cisjordanie occup\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0clairement, beaucoup de personnes se sentent proches de leurs id\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Mais il faut toujours avoir en t\u00eate qu’une majorit\u00e9 de Palestiniens, n’adh\u00e8rent ni au Hamas, ni au Fatah [le mouvement rival du pr\u00e9sident palestinien Mahmoud Abbas], ni aux autres groupes\u00a0\u00bb, nuance le chercheur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tude du Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research publi\u00e9e en septembre 2024, le Hamas reste le parti le plus soutenu (36% des sond\u00e9s), mais en baisse de quatre points par rapport \u00e0 juin 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour Joost Hiltermann,  de l’International Crisis Group, c’est plus \u00ab\u00a0le manque d’horizon politique\u00a0\u00bb qui oriente les Palestiniens vers le Hamas en tant que \u00ab\u00a0groupe menant une lutte arm\u00e9e contre l’occupation\u00a0\u00bb isra\u00e9lienne en Cisjordanie et \u00e0 Gaza que l’id\u00e9ologie islamiste du mouvement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celui-ci trouve d’autant plus facilement de nouvelles recrues que \u00ab\u00a0de nombreux jeunes de Gaza sont devenus orphelins\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bilan \u00e0 \u00e9valuer –<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Depuis le 7-Octobre, \u00ab\u00a0nous estimons que le Hamas a recrut\u00e9 presque autant de nouveaux militants qu’il en a perdus\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 mardi le secr\u00e9taire d’Etat am\u00e9ricain Antony Blinken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le Hamas a la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer son infrastructure\u00a0\u00bb, estime M. Lovatt. \u00ab\u00a0Son d\u00e9sir de mettre fin \u00e0 la guerre l’a conduit \u00e0 faire preuve d’une certaine flexibilit\u00e9 mais il reste constant sur ses objectifs principaux\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute ce sp\u00e9cialiste de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 palestinienne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plusieurs experts rel\u00e8vent qu’en n\u00e9gociant l’accord annonc\u00e9 mercredi, le Hamas a fait des compromis mais tenu \u00e0 obtenir le retour chez eux des centaines de milliers de d\u00e9plac\u00e9s \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur de la bande de Gaza, ou l’augmentation de l’aide humanitaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ce qui sera important est la fa\u00e7on dont les Palestiniens eux-m\u00eames vont \u00e9valuer le bilan du Hamas\u00a0\u00bb, avance Mme Vakil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A l’\u00e9tranger, l’attaque du 7-Octobre a donn\u00e9 une visibilit\u00e9 mondiale au Hamas, selon Yasser Abou Hein, politologue palestinien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quant aux alli\u00e9s r\u00e9gionaux du Hamas – Hezbollah, T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ou rebelles houthis du Y\u00e9men – Mme Vakil estime qu’ils ne voient pas le mouvement palestinien comme \u00ab\u00a0totalement d\u00e9truit\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s-guerre, le Hamas pourrait \u00e9voluer et faire des compromis, ou se marginaliser, on encore l’un puis l’autre. Mme Vakil juge elle possible \u00ab\u00a0d’imaginer l’\u00e9mergence d’un Hamas 2.0, plus radicalis\u00e9 et peut-\u00eatre motiv\u00e9 par les \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui se sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9s depuis le 7-Octobre\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9 Agence France-Presse<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Caire,\u00a0Egypte – Apr\u00e8s plus de 15 mois d’une guerre d\u00e9vastatrice dans la bande de Gaza, le Hamas appara\u00eet tr\u00e8s diminu\u00e9 mais encore loin d’\u00eatre ray\u00e9 de la carte, contrairement \u00e0 l’objectif qu’avait fix\u00e9 le Premier ministre isra\u00e9lien Benjamin Netanyahu. Le mouvement islamiste palestinien porte la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’attaque sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent sur Isra\u00ebl du 7 octobre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":15777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2174,954],"tags":[1230,808,784,2452,1276,2453],"adr_country":[1205,1097,1881],"class_list":{"0":"post-15781","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-guerre-2-fr","8":"category-bs-monde-fr","9":"tag-armee-3","10":"tag-conflit-fr","11":"tag-diplomatie-fr","12":"tag-hamas-fr","13":"tag-israel-2-fr","14":"tag-palestiniens-2","15":"adr_country-israel","16":"adr_country-monde","17":"adr_country-palestine-fr"},"acf":{"post_version":""},"yoast_head":"\nGaza: le Hamas tr\u00e8s affaibli mais loin d'\u00eatre d\u00e9fait apr\u00e8s 15 mois de guerre - Africa Daily Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2025\/01\/16\/gaza-war-leaves-hamas-battered-but-undefeated\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gaza: le Hamas tr\u00e8s affaibli mais loin d'\u00eatre d\u00e9fait apr\u00e8s 15 mois de guerre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Caire,\u00a0Egypte – Apr\u00e8s plus de 15 mois d’une guerre d\u00e9vastatrice dans la bande de Gaza, le Hamas appara\u00eet tr\u00e8s diminu\u00e9 mais encore loin d’\u00eatre ray\u00e9 de la carte, contrairement \u00e0 l’objectif qu’avait fix\u00e9 le Premier ministre isra\u00e9lien Benjamin Netanyahu. 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