{"id":14189,"date":"2024-11-14T00:26:36","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T00:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/2024\/11\/14\/is-felix-tshisekedis-constitutional-revision-a-step-forward-or-a-strategy-for-power-retention\/"},"modified":"2024-11-14T00:30:26","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T00:30:26","slug":"is-felix-tshisekedis-constitutional-revision-a-step-forward-or-a-strategy-for-power-retention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2024\/11\/14\/is-felix-tshisekedis-constitutional-revision-a-step-forward-or-a-strategy-for-power-retention\/","title":{"rendered":"RDC : R\u00e9forme constitutionnelle ou strat\u00e9gie pour le maintien au pouvoir de F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Democratic Republic of Congo’s President Felix Tshisekedi (R) arrives at Beijing Capital International Airport in Beijing on September 1, 2024, ahead of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) scheduled to be held on September 4-6. (Photo by TINGSHU WANG \/ POOL \/ AFP)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Questions centrales :<\/strong> Alors que la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) d\u00e9bat d\u2019une possible r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle, des questions cruciales se posent. Le pays est-il pr\u00eat pour une telle transformation ? L\u2019initiative du pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi est-elle une d\u00e9marche sinc\u00e8re pour adapter la Constitution aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s nationales, ou cache-t-elle une tentative dissimul\u00e9e de prolonger son pouvoir ? Cette question divise la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 congolaise, soulevant des implications juridiques, politiques et sociales qui m\u00e9ritent une analyse approfondie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une initiative controvers\u00e9e : les d\u00e9fis politiques de la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 une solide majorit\u00e9 parlementaire acquise lors des \u00e9lections de d\u00e9cembre 2023, le pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi fait face \u00e0 une opposition tenace dans sa campagne pour r\u00e9viser la Constitution de 2006. Il avance que cette Constitution, ratifi\u00e9e en 2005 avec plus de 84 % d\u2019appui populaire, aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab r\u00e9dig\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger par des \u00e9trangers \u00bb et ne serait \u00ab pas adapt\u00e9e aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s \u00bb de la RDC. Le 23 octobre, Tshisekedi a choisi Kisangani \u2014 un lieu symbolique o\u00f9 une partie de la Constitution de 2006 avait \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement discut\u00e9e \u2014 pour annoncer ses intentions, appelant \u00e0 un examen par une commission d\u2019experts. Selon ses partisans, la r\u00e9vision est essentielle pour corriger les \u00ab faiblesses \u00bb et simplifier les processus politiques. Cependant, les critiques suspectent un agenda cach\u00e9 visant \u00e0 garantir un troisi\u00e8me mandat, soulevant des doutes sur les r\u00e9elles intentions de Tshisekedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Limitations constitutionnelles et importance de l’article 220<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La Constitution congolaise impose des limites strictes sur les r\u00e9formes, notamment en ce qui concerne les mandats pr\u00e9sidentiels et l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la justice, comme pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 dans l\u2019article 220. Cet article, per\u00e7u comme inviolable, consacre la forme r\u00e9publicaine de l\u2019\u00c9tat, le suffrage universel, le gouvernement repr\u00e9sentatif, et l\u2019autonomie judiciaire \u2014 autant de principes non r\u00e9visables. L’article interdit \u00e9galement l\u2019extension de la limite de deux mandats pour le pr\u00e9sident. Les appels de Tshisekedi \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme font craindre qu\u2019il ne viole ces garanties pour se maintenir au pouvoir, un geste condamn\u00e9 par des leaders de l\u2019opposition comme Devos Kitoko du parti ECID\u00e9 et l\u2019activiste Jean-Claude Katende de l\u2019Association africaine de d\u00e9fense des droits de l\u2019homme (Asadho). Ces critiques mettent en garde contre ce qu\u2019ils consid\u00e8rent comme une man\u0153uvre politique potentiellement d\u00e9stabilisatrice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un contexte historique marqu\u00e9 par le conflit et le compromis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Promulgu\u00e9e en 2006 apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es de conflits civils, la Constitution de la RDC a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but de la Troisi\u00e8me R\u00e9publique et se voulait un document fondateur pour s\u00e9curiser la paix et favoriser la gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique. La r\u00e9vision de 2011, qui a introduit un scrutin pr\u00e9sidentiel \u00e0 un tour, a \u00e9t\u00e9 per\u00e7ue par certains comme un affaiblissement de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectorale. Augustin Kabuya, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Union pour la d\u00e9mocratie et le progr\u00e8s social (UDPS) de Tshisekedi, soutient aujourd\u2019hui que la Constitution a montr\u00e9 ses limites et qu\u2019elle doit \u00eatre r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9e pour corriger ses lacunes. Lors d\u2019un rassemblement en septembre, Kabuya a critiqu\u00e9 le mandat pr\u00e9sidentiel de cinq ans, affirmant que les pr\u00e9sidents n\u2019ont en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 que \u00ab trois ann\u00e9es effectives au pouvoir \u00bb. Il a ajout\u00e9 que \u00ab l\u2019UDPS s\u2019\u00e9tait oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 cette Constitution en 2006 \u00bb, promettant au peuple congolais qu’une fois au pouvoir, ils la r\u00e9viseraient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dynamiques politiques et obstacles juridiques : la question de l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Un autre obstacle juridique complique les efforts de r\u00e9forme de Tshisekedi : l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au Nord-Kivu et en Ituri en 2021. La Constitution interdit toute modification pendant un \u00e9tat de guerre, d\u2019urgence ou de si\u00e8ge, et Tshisekedi devrait lever cette mesure pour poursuivre ses r\u00e9formes. Ce d\u00e9fi est renforc\u00e9 par le scepticisme au sein de sa propre coalition, l\u2019Union sacr\u00e9e. Si les membres de l\u2019UDPS d\u00e9fendent activement la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle, d’autres figures de la coalition se montrent plus r\u00e9serv\u00e9es, questionnant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et le moment choisi pour ces changements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Critiques publiques et divisions internes au sein de l\u2019UDPS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Au sein du parti au pouvoir, l\u2019UDPS, les plans de Tshisekedi provoquent des divisions. Le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Augustin Kabuya a \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9 pour ce que certains consid\u00e8rent comme une \u00ab gestion personnalis\u00e9e et autoritaire \u00bb, et les derniers mois ont vu une escalade du conflit interne au sein de l\u2019UDPS. Une faction dirig\u00e9e par des figures comme Eteni Longondo r\u00e9clame un congr\u00e8s extraordinaire pour r\u00e9organiser le parti. Les opposants de Kabuya l\u2019accusent de s\u2019\u00e9carter des principes fondamentaux du parti, tandis que d\u2019autres craignent que la r\u00e9forme ne marginalise toute dissidence interne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contexte r\u00e9gional et international : un reflet des tendances africaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9bat sur les limites constitutionnelles en RDC s’inscrit dans une tendance plus large en Afrique, o\u00f9 des leaders dans des pays comme le Burkina Faso et le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ont fait face \u00e0 une opposition intense dans leurs tentatives de prolonger leurs mandats. Yvon Muya, auteur de La R\u00e9volution congolaise : Kabila, la rue et l’alternance<\/em>, note que bien que Tshisekedi b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d’un climat politique plus stable que son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur Joseph Kabila, le potentiel d\u2019agitation reste important. Le contexte r\u00e9gional et historique de la RDC, y compris son soutien pass\u00e9 aux limites de mandat, refl\u00e8te les enjeux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de toute tentative de modifier le cadre politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion : Un moment de d\u00e9cision pour la d\u00e9mocratie congolaise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alors que Tshisekedi avance prudemment sur cette question sensible, une interrogation persiste : cette r\u00e9forme est-elle un pas n\u00e9cessaire pour moderniser une Constitution jug\u00e9e de plus en plus obsol\u00e8te, ou bien une tentative de consolidation du pouvoir ? La r\u00e9ponse de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 cette question, combin\u00e9e aux risques potentiels de r\u00e9sistance interne et r\u00e9gionale, d\u00e9terminera probablement le succ\u00e8s ou l\u2019\u00e9chec de l\u2019initiative de Tshisekedi. Le monde observe alors que la RDC approche d\u2019une d\u00e9cision cruciale \u2014 Tshisekedi osera-t-il franchir le Rubicon constitutionnel, ou les limites de l\u2019article 220 r\u00e9sisteront-elles ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9 Odon Bulamba \/ Africa Daily Report<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Questions centrales : Alors que la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) d\u00e9bat d\u2019une possible r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle, des questions cruciales se posent. Le pays est-il pr\u00eat pour une telle transformation ? L\u2019initiative du pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi est-elle une d\u00e9marche sinc\u00e8re pour adapter la Constitution aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s nationales, ou cache-t-elle une tentative dissimul\u00e9e de prolonger son pouvoir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":12873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[293,850,1772],"tags":[1479,1126,313,783],"adr_country":[1667],"class_list":{"0":"post-14189","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualites-fr","8":"category-analyses-et-dossiers-fr","9":"category-editors-choice-fr","10":"tag-constitution-fr","11":"tag-drc-fr","12":"tag-rdc-fr","13":"tag-tshisekedi-fr","14":"adr_country-rd-congo-fr"},"acf":{"post_version":""},"yoast_head":"\nRDC : R\u00e9forme constitutionnelle ou strat\u00e9gie pour le maintien au pouvoir de F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi ? - Africa Daily Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2024\/11\/14\/is-felix-tshisekedis-constitutional-revision-a-step-forward-or-a-strategy-for-power-retention\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RDC : R\u00e9forme constitutionnelle ou strat\u00e9gie pour le maintien au pouvoir de F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Questions centrales : Alors que la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) d\u00e9bat d\u2019une possible r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle, des questions cruciales se posent. 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