{"id":13723,"date":"2024-11-05T22:26:32","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T22:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/2024\/11\/05\/constitutional-revision-in-the-drc-national-interest-or-political-agenda\/"},"modified":"2024-11-05T22:41:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T22:41:51","slug":"constitutional-revision-in-the-drc-national-interest-or-political-agenda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2024\/11\/05\/constitutional-revision-in-the-drc-national-interest-or-political-agenda\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9vision Constitutionnelle en RDC : Enjeu National ou Int\u00e9r\u00eat Politique?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Democratic Republic of the Congo’s newly inaugurated President Felix Tshisekedi raises an official copy of the nation’s constitution on January 24, 2019 after he took an oath of office at the Presidency in Kinshasa. Opposition leader Felix Tshisekedi was sworn in on January 24, 2019 as president of Democratic Republic of Congo, marking the country’s first-ever peaceful handover of power after chaotic and bitterly-disputed elections. Tshisekedi took the oath of office before receiving the national flag and a copy of the constitution from outgoing president Joseph Kabila, stepping aside after 18 years at the helm of sub-Saharan Africa’s biggest country. (Photo by TONY KARUMBA \/ AFP)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/strong>
Le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, initi\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, suscite de vives tensions politiques. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour moderniser des institutions jug\u00e9es obsol\u00e8tes, cette initiative est per\u00e7ue par l\u2019opposition et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile comme une man\u0153uvre pour \u00e9tendre le pouvoir pr\u00e9sidentiel. Dans cet article, nous analysons les enjeux de cette r\u00e9forme, explorons les critiques et soutiens qu\u2019elle soul\u00e8ve, et \u00e9tudions les cons\u00e9quences potentielles de ce projet pour l\u2019avenir d\u00e9mocratique du pays.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L’Origine de la Controverse<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lanc\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi lors d’un discours \u00e0 Bruxelles, l\u2019id\u00e9e de r\u00e9viser une Constitution jug\u00e9e \u00ab obsol\u00e8te \u00bb a provoqu\u00e9 de vives r\u00e9actions au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 congolaise et de la classe politique. Promulgu\u00e9e en 2006 pour stabiliser un pays en proie \u00e0 des conflits, la Constitution actuelle porte les traces de cet h\u00e9ritage, ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue en faisant \u00ab la part belle aux bellig\u00e9rants \u00bb, selon Tshisekedi. Mais si l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un remaniement de ce texte a trouv\u00e9 des partisans au sein du parti au pouvoir, l\u2019Union pour la D\u00e9mocratie et le Progr\u00e8s Social (UDPS), elle est per\u00e7ue comme une menace par une opposition qui y voit un moyen d\u2019accro\u00eetre le pouvoir du chef de l\u2019\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Encadr\u00e9 : L\u2019Union pour la D\u00e9mocratie et le Progr\u00e8s Social (UDPS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fond\u00e9e en 1982 par \u00c9tienne Tshisekedi, p\u00e8re de l’actuel pr\u00e9sident, l’UDPS est l’un des plus anciens et influents partis politiques de RDC. Historiquement, l’UDPS a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans l’opposition au r\u00e9gime autoritaire de Mobutu Sese Seko. Aujourd’hui, en position de pouvoir, l’UDPS promeut des r\u00e9formes constitutionnelles que certains voient comme un moyen d’ancrer sa position dominante dans le paysage politique congolais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Une Constitution \u00ab \u00e9crite sous la menace des armes \u00bb?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jean-Claude Tshilumbayi, premier vice-pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que cette Constitution est le fruit d\u2019un contexte historique tendu, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par des acteurs arm\u00e9s. Selon lui, le texte refl\u00e8te les compromis de l\u2019\u00e9poque, mais se r\u00e9v\u00e8le inadapt\u00e9 aux d\u00e9fis actuels. \u00ab Tu mets cet article, je d\u00e9pose la mitrailleuse, tu l\u2019enl\u00e8ves, je la garde et je reste en brousse \u00bb, a-t-il affirm\u00e9 pour d\u00e9peindre l\u2019ambiance des n\u00e9gociations. Ces propos soul\u00e8vent une question fondamentale : peut-on b\u00e2tir un avenir stable sur un texte fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 par des compromis de guerre? La r\u00e9vision est-elle donc une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, ou une man\u0153uvre politique bien calcul\u00e9e?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opposition et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile : Vigilance sur les Intentions Politiques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’opposition, soutenue par des voix de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, craint que la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle serve de pr\u00e9texte \u00e0 une remise \u00e0 z\u00e9ro des mandats pr\u00e9sidentiels, permettant ainsi \u00e0 Tshisekedi de prolonger son pouvoir au-del\u00e0 des limites actuelles. Mo\u00efse Katumbi, figure de l’opposition, accuse : \u00ab Nous ne sommes pas na\u00effs. Si certains veulent toucher \u00e0 la Constitution, c\u2019est pour permettre un troisi\u00e8me mandat au pr\u00e9sident actuel. \u00bb De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, le mouvement citoyen Lucha met en garde : \u00ab Aucun Congolais ne peut oser modifier notre Constitution pour satisfaire ses envies de long\u00e9vit\u00e9. \u00bb Un avertissement qui rappelle les ann\u00e9es de contestation contre Joseph Kabila, o\u00f9 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile avait r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 faire pression pour pr\u00e9server les institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des Propositions de R\u00e9formes au Nom du D\u00e9veloppement?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon les partisans de la r\u00e9forme, la r\u00e9vision vise plusieurs articles de la Constitution jug\u00e9s \u00ab rigides \u00bb ou inadapt\u00e9s aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s modernes de la RDC. Les discussions portent notamment sur l\u2019article 220<\/strong>, qui interdit toute modification concernant le nombre et la dur\u00e9e des mandats pr\u00e9sidentiels, ainsi que sur les articles relatifs aux responsabilit\u00e9s des gouverneurs et des d\u00e9put\u00e9s provinciaux<\/strong>. Ces r\u00e9formes viseraient, selon leurs promoteurs, \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la gouvernance en r\u00e9duisant les conflits de comp\u00e9tences entre l\u2019\u00c9tat central et les provinces, un sujet \u00e9pineux qui a souvent engendr\u00e9 des blocages institutionnels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Des r\u00e9visions constitutionnelles peuvent \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour renforcer la d\u00e9mocratie et stabiliser les institutions si elles sont conduites de mani\u00e8re transparente et participative, \u00bb affirme Pierre Englebert, expert en politique africaine et chercheur au sein du programme Afrique de la Fondation pour la paix internationale. \u00ab Cependant, en RDC, o\u00f9 l\u2019histoire est marqu\u00e9e par la m\u00e9fiance envers les institutions, toute tentative de r\u00e9forme est souvent per\u00e7ue avec suspicion. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers une R\u00e9vision en 2025?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tina Salama, porte-parole de la pr\u00e9sidence, a affirm\u00e9 que la mise en place d\u2019une commission d\u2019experts est pr\u00e9vue pour 2025, soulignant l\u2019absence d\u2019urgence dans ce projet. N\u00e9anmoins, la pression politique monte, et l\u2019opposition questionne le timing de cette initiative alors que le pays fait face \u00e0 des crises s\u00e9curitaires persistantes dans l\u2019Est. La guerre avec le groupe rebelle M23 et l\u2019\u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge prolong\u00e9 dans certaines provinces suscitent des pr\u00e9occupations sur la priorit\u00e9 accord\u00e9e \u00e0 la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle en ce moment critique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Encadr\u00e9 : Qui est F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fils de l’opposant historique \u00c9tienne Tshisekedi, F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi est arriv\u00e9 au pouvoir en 2019 apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident. Dirigeant de l’UDPS, il a promis de moderniser le pays et de garantir la stabilit\u00e9 apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es de conflit. Cependant, sa volont\u00e9 de r\u00e9former la Constitution a soulev\u00e9 des suspicions quant \u00e0 ses intentions, certains craignant qu\u2019il ne cherche \u00e0 prolonger son mandat au-del\u00e0 de la limite fix\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Un Contexte Historique R\u00e9v\u00e9lateur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le d\u00e9bat actuel rappelle les tensions qui ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 la fin du mandat de Joseph Kabila. Entre 2015 et 2018, des manifestations massives, orchestr\u00e9es par l\u2019\u00c9glise catholique et des mouvements citoyens, s\u2019\u00e9taient \u00e9lev\u00e9es contre l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un troisi\u00e8me mandat pour Kabila. Aujourd\u2019hui, cette opposition au prolongement de mandats demeure, mais l\u2019UDPS, autrefois dans les rangs de la contestation, se trouve d\u00e9sormais en position de pouvoir. Ce retournement de situation met en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019\u00e9volution des dynamiques politiques congolaises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des Comparaisons Internationales : Le\u00e7ons et Avertissements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019histoire r\u00e9cente montre que des r\u00e9visions constitutionnelles similaires, en Afrique ou ailleurs, ont parfois men\u00e9 \u00e0 des crises sociales. Au Burkina Faso, les manifestations ont abouti \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission de Blaise Compaor\u00e9 en 2014, lorsqu\u2019il avait tent\u00e9 de prolonger son pouvoir. De m\u00eame, au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, les mouvements citoyens ont influenc\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident Abdoulaye Wade de renoncer \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle controvers\u00e9e. La RDC pourrait-elle suivre le m\u00eame chemin si la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile s\u2019unit pour contrer ce projet?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les citoyens africains sont devenus tr\u00e8s vigilants et r\u00e9sistent souvent aux r\u00e9formes qui semblent con\u00e7ues pour prolonger des mandats politiques, \u00bb observe Nic Cheeseman, professeur de d\u00e9mocratie africaine \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Birmingham. \u00ab Cette vigilance croissante t\u00e9moigne d\u2019une prise de conscience des droits d\u00e9mocratiques et d\u2019une opposition aux manipulations institutionnelles. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion : Quel Futur pour la RDC?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le projet de r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle cristallise les tensions en RDC. Si elle repr\u00e9sente une opportunit\u00e9 de r\u00e9former des institutions jug\u00e9es inadapt\u00e9es, elle suscite des interrogations quant aux v\u00e9ritables intentions de ses promoteurs. L\u2019avenir de la RDC d\u00e9pendra de la capacit\u00e9 de ses dirigeants \u00e0 naviguer entre modernisation des institutions et respect des fondements d\u00e9mocratiques, sous le regard attentif d’une population et d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pr\u00eates \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de leur Constitution. La question est pos\u00e9e : la RDC choisira-t-elle la voie de la r\u00e9forme pour la stabilit\u00e9 ou celle de la contestation pour d\u00e9fendre la d\u00e9mocratie?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9 O Bulamba \/ Africa Daily Report<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :Le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, initi\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, suscite de vives tensions politiques. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour moderniser des institutions jug\u00e9es obsol\u00e8tes, cette initiative est per\u00e7ue par l\u2019opposition et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile comme une man\u0153uvre pour \u00e9tendre le pouvoir pr\u00e9sidentiel. Dans cet article, nous […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[293,850,978],"tags":[1479,1126,783,1480],"adr_country":[1089],"class_list":{"0":"post-13723","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualites-fr","8":"category-analyses-et-dossiers-fr","9":"category-problemes-sociaux","10":"tag-constitution-fr","11":"tag-drc-fr","12":"tag-tshisekedi-fr","13":"tag-udps-fr","14":"adr_country-d-r-congo"},"acf":{"post_version":""},"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9vision Constitutionnelle en RDC : Enjeu National ou Int\u00e9r\u00eat Politique? - Africa Daily Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2024\/11\/05\/constitutional-revision-in-the-drc-national-interest-or-political-agenda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9vision Constitutionnelle en RDC : Enjeu National ou Int\u00e9r\u00eat Politique?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :Le d\u00e9bat sur la r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo, initi\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, suscite de vives tensions politiques. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour moderniser des institutions jug\u00e9es obsol\u00e8tes, cette initiative est per\u00e7ue par l\u2019opposition et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile comme une man\u0153uvre pour \u00e9tendre le pouvoir pr\u00e9sidentiel. 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