{"id":13038,"date":"2024-10-15T06:30:45","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T06:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/2024\/10\/15\/lafrique-et-les-credits-carbone-opportunite-ou-risque-pour-la-transition-verte\/"},"modified":"2024-10-27T15:00:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T15:00:39","slug":"lafrique-et-les-credits-carbone-opportunite-ou-risque-pour-la-transition-verte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2024\/10\/15\/lafrique-et-les-credits-carbone-opportunite-ou-risque-pour-la-transition-verte\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Afrique et les Cr\u00e9dits Carbone : Opportunit\u00e9 ou Risque pour la Transition Verte ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u00a9 AFP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/strong>
Le bassin du Congo, deuxi\u00e8me plus grande for\u00eat tropicale au monde, est au centre d’un march\u00e9 des cr\u00e9dits carbone en pleine expansion. Alors que les entreprises mondiales cherchent \u00e0 compenser leurs \u00e9missions pour atteindre le \u00ab\u00a0net z\u00e9ro\u00a0\u00bb, ce march\u00e9 offre des perspectives \u00e9conomiques prometteuses pour l’Afrique. Toutefois, des questions sur la transparence, l’impact r\u00e9el des projets et les droits des communaut\u00e9s locales continuent de susciter des d\u00e9bats. Ce texte explore l’\u00e9quilibre entre ces opportunit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res et les d\u00e9fis environnementaux qui en d\u00e9coulent.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Kinshasa \u2014<\/strong> Le bassin du Congo, vaste r\u00e9gion s\u2019\u00e9tendant sur six pays africains, est devenu une pi\u00e8ce ma\u00eetresse dans la lutte mondiale contre le changement climatique. Ce qui \u00e9tait autrefois une simple \u00e9tendue de for\u00eat tropicale dense est aujourd’hui au c\u0153ur d’un march\u00e9 en plein essor : les cr\u00e9dits carbone. Ce m\u00e9canisme permet aux entreprises, soucieuses de r\u00e9duire leur empreinte carbone, d\u2019investir dans des projets de compensation, tout en continuant \u00e0 \u00e9mettre des gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. Mais alors que la demande de cr\u00e9dits augmente, des questions fondamentales \u00e9mergent sur la mani\u00e8re dont l\u2019Afrique peut vraiment tirer parti de cette opportunit\u00e9, tout en pr\u00e9servant ses ressources naturelles et ses communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un March\u00e9 en Plein Essor<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le bassin du Congo, qui absorbe des millions de tonnes de dioxyde de carbone chaque ann\u00e9e, a attir\u00e9 l\u2019attention des grandes entreprises mondiales d\u00e9sireuses de compenser leurs \u00e9missions. Ces entreprises, allant de Shell \u00e0 Netflix, utilisent les cr\u00e9dits carbone comme un moyen de verdir leur bilan environnemental tout en continuant \u00e0 op\u00e9rer \u00e0 pleine capacit\u00e9. Selon Lydia Sheldrake, directrice des politiques \u00e0 l\u2019Initiative pour l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s volontaires du carbone (VCMI), ce march\u00e9 pourrait injecter des financements indispensables pour des projets d\u2019\u00e9nergie durable, d\u2019infrastructures et d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique en Afrique. \u00ab\u00a0C’est de l’argent qui ne serait pas disponible autrement\u00a0\u00bb, affirme Sheldrake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, le march\u00e9 n\u2019est pas sans critiques. Pour certains observateurs, ces cr\u00e9dits ne sont qu\u2019une tentative de \u00ab\u00a0greenwashing\u00a0\u00bb de la part d’entreprises qui cherchent \u00e0 soigner leur image sans apporter de r\u00e9els changements. Paul Muthaura, PDG de l\u2019Africa Carbon Markets Initiative (Acmi), met en garde contre ces approches superficielles : \u00ab\u00a0Il ne suffit pas de raconter une belle histoire aux actionnaires ; il faut r\u00e9ellement transformer les pratiques.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des Projets Contest\u00e9s<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019impact des projets financ\u00e9s par les cr\u00e9dits carbone est loin d\u2019\u00eatre uniforme. Une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans la revue Science<\/em> en 2023 a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la plupart des initiatives examin\u00e9es surestiment leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9forestation. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, beaucoup de ces projets n\u2019ont pas eu l\u2019impact escompt\u00e9 sur la pr\u00e9servation des for\u00eats tropicales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Kenya, pionnier dans la r\u00e9gulation des march\u00e9s du carbone, tente de surmonter ces obstacles en imposant des normes strictes pour garantir que les projets apportent des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices r\u00e9els aux communaut\u00e9s locales et \u00e0 l’environnement. En vertu de sa nouvelle r\u00e9glementation, les projets de compensation doivent allouer une part de leurs revenus aux populations locales. Ces exigences visent \u00e0 garantir que les cr\u00e9dits carbone ne profitent pas uniquement aux entreprises, mais aussi aux communaut\u00e9s qui vivent en symbiose avec ces for\u00eats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Scepticisme Persiste<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces r\u00e9formes, le scepticisme persiste sur la capacit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s du carbone \u00e0 r\u00e9ellement transformer la lutte contre le changement climatique. Certains d\u00e9tracteurs pointent du doigt les risques d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9ocolonialisme environnemental\u00a0\u00bb, o\u00f9 des entreprises occidentales exploitent les ressources naturelles africaines sans offrir de r\u00e9els b\u00e9n\u00e9fices aux populations locales. Des exemples de ces d\u00e9rives existent d\u00e9j\u00e0. En R\u00e9publique du Congo, un projet de TotalEnergies a conduit \u00e0 des d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s de communaut\u00e9s locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2023, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis ont sign\u00e9 un accord avec le Liberia, leur garantissant des droits exclusifs sur un million d\u2019hectares de for\u00eat pour 30 ans. Cet accord a suscit\u00e9 des critiques quant \u00e0 la r\u00e9partition des revenus issus des cr\u00e9dits carbone, avec seulement 30 % des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices allant au Liberia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un Potentiel Sous-Exploit\u00e9<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, le potentiel des cr\u00e9dits carbone pour l’Afrique reste immense. Le Gabon, qui s\u00e9questre 140 millions de tonnes de CO2 par an tout en n’en \u00e9mettant que 35 millions, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier pays africain \u00e0 recevoir des paiements pour ses efforts de conservation foresti\u00e8re. Ces initiatives montrent qu’il est possible de tirer profit des ressources naturelles du continent, \u00e0 condition d\u2019avoir une approche \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e et transparente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lydia Sheldrake et ses coll\u00e8gues du VCMI travaillent actuellement \u00e0 l’\u00e9laboration de bonnes pratiques pour renforcer l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du march\u00e9 des cr\u00e9dits carbone. Selon elle, \u00ab\u00a0il est essentiel que les entreprises respectent des normes rigoureuses pour que ce march\u00e9 soit cr\u00e9dible et efficace.\u00a0\u00bb Les r\u00e9sultats de ces projets doivent \u00eatre mesur\u00e9s par des auditeurs ind\u00e9pendants, et les informations sur les cr\u00e9dits carbone doivent \u00eatre accessibles au public, garantissant ainsi la transparence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Afrique \u00e0 la Crois\u00e9e des Chemins<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alors que le march\u00e9 des cr\u00e9dits carbone continue de cro\u00eetre, l\u2019Afrique se trouve \u00e0 un moment d\u00e9cisif. Ce m\u00e9canisme pourrait devenir un levier majeur pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable, mais uniquement si les projets sont g\u00e9r\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable et avec une vision \u00e0 long terme. La cl\u00e9 r\u00e9side dans la protection des for\u00eats et des droits des communaut\u00e9s locales, tout en garantissant des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9conomiques pour les pays concern\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La transition verte de l\u2019Afrique est en marche. Si elle r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 \u00e9quilibrer ses ambitions de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique avec la pr\u00e9servation de ses \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes uniques, le continent pourrait devenir un leader mondial dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. Mais le chemin est encore sem\u00e9 d\u2019emb\u00fbches, et seule une approche transparente, \u00e9quitable et durable permettra de transformer cette opportunit\u00e9 en succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9 O Bulamba \/ ADR<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :Le bassin du Congo, deuxi\u00e8me plus grande for\u00eat tropicale au monde, est au centre d’un march\u00e9 des cr\u00e9dits carbone en pleine expansion. Alors que les entreprises mondiales cherchent \u00e0 compenser leurs \u00e9missions pour atteindre le \u00ab\u00a0net z\u00e9ro\u00a0\u00bb, ce march\u00e9 offre des perspectives \u00e9conomiques prometteuses pour l’Afrique. Toutefois, des questions sur la transparence, l’impact r\u00e9el […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":12213,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[837,322,800],"tags":[838,839,840,841,842],"adr_country":[1089,1096],"class_list":{"0":"post-13038","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-afrique-fr","8":"category-culture-fr","9":"category-economie-fr","10":"tag-bassin-du-congo-fr","11":"tag-credits-carbone-fr","12":"tag-greenwashing-fr","13":"tag-marche-du-carbone-fr","14":"tag-transition-verte-afrique-fr","15":"adr_country-d-r-congo","16":"adr_country-kenya"},"acf":{"post_version":""},"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019Afrique et les Cr\u00e9dits Carbone : Opportunit\u00e9 ou Risque pour la Transition Verte ? - Africa Daily Report<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/africadailyreport.com\/fr\/2024\/10\/15\/lafrique-et-les-credits-carbone-opportunite-ou-risque-pour-la-transition-verte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Afrique et les Cr\u00e9dits Carbone : Opportunit\u00e9 ou Risque pour la Transition Verte ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :Le bassin du Congo, deuxi\u00e8me plus grande for\u00eat tropicale au monde, est au centre d’un march\u00e9 des cr\u00e9dits carbone en pleine expansion. 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